The Huel Complete Nutrition Bar Formula Explained
Huel Complete Nutrition Bar is a nutritionally complete snack that is high in protein, fiber, and all 27 essential vitamins and minerals.
Huel Complete Nutrition Bar meets the US Daily Value (DV) for all macro- and micronutrients[1] and has a wealth of other benefits.
Continue reading to find out more about Huel Complete Nutrition Bar.
The Huel Complete Nutrition Bar Formula Explained
Nutritional Information and Ingredients of Huel Complete Nutrition Bar
Macronutrients in Huel Complete Nutrition Bar
The central macronutrients through which we obtain energy from food are carbohydrates, fat, protein, and fiber. Carbohydrates, although not essential per se, have significant benefits to ensuring a sustained and consistent energy level, so they are important to be contained within the Huel Complete Nutrition Bar. There are also fatty acids that are essential for life and good health, such as omega-3s and omega-6s, so including sources of fat is crucial too. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein, and several amino acids are essential for life, with others being crucial for good health, so any diet has to contain a significant amount of protein.
The ingredients in Huel Complete Nutrition Bar are included in combinations that produce a pleasant texture and flavor, as well as providing great nutrition. This means that the levels of the macronutrients differ from the profile of other Huel products.
Carbohydrates in Huel Complete Nutrition Bar
The carbohydrates in Huel Complete Nutrition Bar mainly come from wheat, although smaller amounts are provided by other ingredients.
Fats in Huel Complete Nutrition Bar: Flaxseed and Sunflower
The fats in Huel Complete Nutrition Bar are made up of cocoa, peanuts, flaxseed powder, and sunflower oil. There are two completely essential fatty acids (EFAs) that humans require: linoleic acid (LA – an omega-6 fatty acid) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA – an omega-3)[4]. By including flaxseed powder and sunflower oil, we’ve ensured Huel contains both EFAs as well as other omega-3 and -6 fatty acids. The two oils are also present to provide a functional benefit by binding the ingredients together.
Huel Complete Nutrition Bar is High in Protein: Rice and Pea
The RI for protein is 50g per day, but this only covers our very basic needs and prevents protein deficiency[1], [2]. The Western diet typically provides more[7], and the Huel Complete Nutrition Bar does, too, and can be considered high in protein. All essential amino acids are included in adequate amounts from two vegan protein sources: pea and rice protein. This provides a good amount of optimal health and maintains a healthy body. Furthermore, protein is more satiating (appetite suppressing) than other macronutrients[8].
Huel Complete Nutrition Bar is High in Fiber
The fiber in Huel Complete Nutrition Bar is predominantly soluble and provides more fiber than most modern diets. The high fiber content of Huel helps the gut function normally, supports the immune system, and can reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes[9]-[11].
As discussed above, using soluble fiber solutions is one method of binding the bar in production. Fiber acts like a sponge, so it’s important to consume lots of water during the day[12].
Vitamins and Minerals in the Huel Complete Nutrition Bar
The bulk of the vitamins and minerals, also known as micronutrients, in the Huel Complete Nutrition Bar are from natural ingredients. However, to meet the demands of a Western lifestyle, we’ve added a unique vitamin and mineral formula to provide, in most cases, more than 100% of the recommended amounts.
Although the US Daily Values (DV) provide an indication of how much of each micronutrient we require, numerous studies have demonstrated that higher intakes may be beneficial for the health of many people.
For example, it’s widely considered that the amount of vitamin C we’re recommended to consume is too low[13]-[15], so we’ve added a high inclusion in the Huel Complete Nutrition Bar formula. The benefits of consuming more vitamin C include a healthy immune system, healthy skin, and antioxidant properties[13]-[15], and it also helps the absorption of some minerals like iron and zinc[13], [16], [17].
Similarly for vitamin D, because it’s so important to health it has been included at a higher level per bar[18]. The type of vitamin D is vitamin D3, or cholecalciferol, in a vegan-suitable form.
With some of the trace element minerals, the levels are far higher than the recommended amounts. This is because we only need tiny amounts of them, but the ingredients in the Huel Complete Nutrition Bar are a naturally rich source.
Choline is a conditionally essential vitamin, and although, strictly speaking, it can be synthesized in our bodies, it’s more efficient to obtain it from our diets[19]. It’s of particular importance for postmenopausal women[20], [21]. As Huel is all about optimum health, Complete Nutrition Bar is a source of choline.
Summary – Huel Complete Nutrition Bar Provides Optimal Nutrition
Huel Complete Nutrition Bars are a complete and balanced source of macronutrients and micronutrients, and as such, they have a superior nutritional profile to most conventional snacks. Unlike Huel Powder or Hot & Savory, they should not be used as your sole source of nutrition, but they are perfect as a nutritionally complete snack and are the ideal addition to your Huel diet.
Ingredients of Huel Complete Nutrition Bar
Peanut Caramel
Ingredients: Cocoa Coating (Maltitol, Cocoa Butter, Cocoa Mass, Sunflower Lecithin, Natural Flavors), Corn Fiber, Wheat Gluten, Peanuts, Rice Protein, Glycerol, Maltitol, Sunflower Oil, Pea Protein, Micronutrient Blend*, Natural Flavors, Ground Flaxseed, Sunflower Lecithin, Cocoa Mass.
*Micronutrient Blend: Potassium Citrate, Potassium Chloride, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Phosphate, L-Ascorbic Acid, Magnesium Oxide, Ferric Pyrophosphate, D-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate, Retinyl Acetate, Niacinamide, Menaquinone-7, Calcium D-Pantothenate, Cyanocobalamin, Plant-Derived Cholecalciferol, D-Biotin, Zinc Oxide, Potassium Iodide, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Riboflavin, Thiamine Mononitrate, L-Methylfolate Calcium.
CONTAINS: WHEAT, PEANUTS.
Produced in a facility that handles milk, egg, sesame, soy, and tree nuts.
Warning: Excessive consumption may produce laxative effects.
Chocolate Caramel
Ingredients: Cocoa Coating (Maltitol, Cocoa Butter, Cocoa Mass, Sunflower Lecithin, Natural Flavors), Wheat Gluten, Corn Fiber, Rice Protein, Glycerol, Maltitol, Sunflower Oil, Pea Protein, Micronutrient Blend*, Natural Flavors, Ground Flaxseed, Sunflower Lecithin, Cocoa Mass, Sea Salt.
*Micronutrient Blend: Potassium Citrate, Potassium Chloride, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Phosphate, L-Ascorbic Acid, Magnesium Oxide, Ferric Pyrophosphate, D-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate, Retinyl Acetate, Niacinamide, Menaquinone-7, Calcium D-Pantothenate, Cyanocobalamin, Plant-Derived Cholecalciferol, D-Biotin, Zinc Oxide, Potassium Iodide, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Riboflavin, Thiamine Mononitrate, L-Methylfolate Calcium.
CONTAINS: WHEAT.
Produced in a facility that handles milk, egg, sesame, soy, peanuts, and tree nuts.
Warning: Excessive consumption may produce laxative effects.
Chocolate Fudge Brownie
Ingredients: Fudge Layer (Corn Fiber, Maltitol, Rice Protein, Sunflower Oil, Lecithin, Cocoa, Natural Flavor), Dark Cocoa Coating (Cocoa Mass, Maltitol, Cocoa Butter, Soy Lecithin, Natural Vanilla Flavor), Wheat Gluten, Corn Fiber, Glycerol, Rice Protein, Pea Protein, Sunflower Oil, Micronutrient Blend*, Cocoa, Maltitol, Ground Flaxseed, Natural Flavors, Vegetable Carbon (Color).
*Micronutrient Blend: Potassium Citrate, Potassium Chloride, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Phosphate, L-Ascorbic Acid, Magnesium Oxide, Ferric Pyrophosphate, D-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate, Retinyl Acetate, Niacinamide, Menaquinone-7, Calcium D-Pantothenate, Cyanocobalamin, Plant-Derived Cholecalciferol, D-Biotin, Zinc Oxide, Potassium Iodide, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Riboflavin, Thiamine Mononitrate, L-Methylfolate Calcium.
CONTAINS: SOY, WHEAT.
Produced in a facility that handles milk, egg, sesame, peanuts, and tree nuts.
Warning: Excessive consumption may produce laxative effects.
Dark Chocolate & Raspberry
Ingredients: Raspberry Flavor Layer (Corn Fiber, Maltitol, Rice Protein, Sunflower Oil, Lecithin, Natural Flavor, Citric Acid), Dark Cocoa Coating (Cocoa Mass, Maltitol, Cocoa Butter, Soy Lecithin, Natural Vanilla Flavor), Wheat Gluten, Corn Fiber, Glycerol, Rice Protein, Sunflower Oil, Dried Raspberry Pieces, Micronutrient Blend*, Pea Protein, Maltitol, Ground Flaxseed, Citric Acid, Steviol Glycosides.
*Micronutrient Blend: Potassium Citrate, Potassium Chloride, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Phosphate, L-Ascorbic Acid, Magnesium Oxide, Ferric Pyrophosphate, D-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate, Retinyl Acetate, Niacinamide, Menaquinone-7, Calcium D-Pantothenate, Cyanocobalamin, Plant-Derived Cholecalciferol, D-Biotin, Zinc Oxide, Potassium Iodide, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Riboflavin, Thiamine Mononitrate, L-Methylfolate Calcium.
CONTAINS: SOY, WHEAT.
Produced in a facility that handles milk, egg, sesame, peanuts, and tree nuts.
Warning: Excessive consumption may produce laxative effects.
Nutritional Profile of Huel Complete Nutrition Bar
Peanut Caramel
Serving size: Consume one to five bars per day, as desired
Per bar (51g) | % Daily Value* | |
Energy (calories) | 190 | |
Fat (g) | 9 | 12% |
- of which saturates (g) | 3.0 | 15% |
Trans Fat (g) | 0 | |
- of which polyunsaturates (g) | 2.0 | |
- of which Monounsaturated (g) | 2.5 | |
Cholesterol (mg) | 0 | 0% |
Sodium (mg) | 45 | 2% |
Total Carbohydrate (g) | 10 | 4% |
Fiber (g) | 6 | 21% |
Total sugars (g) | 2 | |
Includes Added Sugars (g) | 0 | 0% |
Protein (g) | 13 | 26% |
*The % Daily Value (DV) tells you how much a nutrient in a serving of food contributes to a daily diet; 2,000 calories a day is used for general nutrition advice.
Vitamins & Minerals
Per bar (51g) | % Daily Value* | |
Vitamin D (µg) | 2.1 | 10% |
Calcium (mg) | 160 | 10% |
Iron (mg) | 2.1 | 10% |
Potassium (mg) | 490 | 10% |
Vitamin A (µg) | 155 | 17% |
Vitamin C (mg) | 31 | 34% |
Vitamin E (mg) | 2.6 | 17% |
Vitamin K (µg) | 13 | 11% |
Thiamine (mg) | 0.2 | 17% |
Riboflavin (mg) | 0.2 | 15% |
Niacin (mg) | 2.7 | 17% |
Vitamin B6 (mg) | 0.2 | 17% |
Folate (µg) | 40 | 10% |
Vitamin B12 (µg) | 0.4 | 17% |
Biotin (µg) | 7.6 | 25% |
Pantothenic Acid (mg) | 0.9 | 18% |
Phosphorus (mg) | 129 | 10% |
Iodine (µg) | 23 | 15% |
Magnesium (mg) | 62 | 15% |
Zinc (mg) | 1.6 | 15% |
Selenium (µg) | 8.3 | 15% |
Copper (mg) | 0.2 | 22% |
Manganese (mg) | 0.4 | 17% |
Chromium (µg) | 10 | 29% |
Molybdenum (µg) | 26 | 58% |
Chloride (mg) | 238 | 19% |
Choline (mg) | 57 | 10% |
Additional Information
Per bar (51g) | ||
Omega 3 (g) | 0.1 | |
Omega 6 (g) | 1.5 |
*The % Daily Value (DV) tells you how much a nutrient in a serving of food contributes to a daily diet; 2,000 calories a day is used for general nutrition advice.
Chocolate Caramel
Serving size: Consume one to five bars per day, as desired
Per bar (51g) | % Daily Value* | |
Energy (calories) | 180 | |
Fat (g) | 7 | 9% |
- of which saturates (g) | 3.0 | 15% |
Trans Fat (g) | 0 | |
- of which polyunsaturates (g) | 1.5 | |
- of which Monounsaturated (g) | 2.0 | |
Cholesterol (mg) | 0 | 0% |
Sodium (mg) | 45 | 2% |
Total Carbohydrate (g) | 10 | 4% |
Fiber (g) | 6 | 21% |
Total sugars (g) | 2 | |
Includes Added Sugars (g) | 0 | 0% |
Protein (g) | 13 | 26% |
*The % Daily Value (DV) tells you how much a nutrient in a serving of food contributes to a daily diet; 2,000 calories a day is used for general nutrition advice.
Vitamins & Minerals
Per bar (51g) | % Daily Value* | |
Vitamin D (µg) | 2.1 | 10% |
Calcium (mg) | 160 | 10% |
Iron (mg) | 2.1 | 10% |
Potassium (mg) | 490 | 10% |
Vitamin A (µg) | 155 | 17% |
Vitamin C (mg) | 31 | 34% |
Vitamin E (mg) | 2.6 | 17% |
Vitamin K (µg) | 13 | 11% |
Thiamine (mg) | 0.2 | 17% |
Riboflavin (mg) | 0.2 | 15% |
Niacin (mg) | 2.7 | 17% |
Vitamin B6 (mg) | 0.2 | 17% |
Folate (µg) | 40 | 10% |
Vitamin B12 (µg) | 0.4 | 17% |
Biotin (µg) | 7.6 | 25% |
Pantothenic Acid (mg) | 0.9 | 18% |
Phosphorus (mg) | 129 | 10% |
Iodine (µg) | 23 | 15% |
Magnesium (mg) | 62 | 15% |
Zinc (mg) | 1.6 | 15% |
Selenium (µg) | 8.3 | 15% |
Copper (mg) | 0.2 | 22% |
Manganese (mg) | 0.4 | 17% |
Chromium (µg) | 10 | 29% |
Molybdenum (µg) | 26 | 58% |
Chloride (mg) | 238 | 19% |
Choline (mg) | 57 | 10% |
Additional Information
Per bar (51g) | ||
Omega 3 (g) | 0.1 | |
Omega 6 (g) | 1.5 |
*The % Daily Value (DV) tells you how much a nutrient in a serving of food contributes to a daily diet; 2,000 calories a day is used for general nutrition advice.
Chocolate Fudge Brownie
Serving size: Consume one to five bars per day, as desired
Per bar (51g) | % Daily Value* | |
Energy (calories) | 180 | |
Fat (g) | 7 | 9% |
- of which saturates (g) | 3.0 | 15% |
Trans Fat (g) | 0 | |
- of which polyunsaturates (g) | 1.5 | |
- of which Monounsaturated (g) | 2.0 | |
Cholesterol (mg) | 0 | 0% |
Sodium (mg) | 48 | 2% |
Total Carbohydrate (g) | 11 | 4% |
Fiber (g) | 7 | 21% |
Total sugars (g) | 2 | |
Includes Added Sugars (g) | 0 | 0% |
Protein (g) | 14 | 28% |
*The % Daily Value (DV) tells you how much a nutrient in a serving of food contributes to a daily diet; 2,000 calories a day is used for general nutrition advice.
Vitamins & Minerals
Per bar (51g) | % Daily Value* | |
Vitamin D (µg) | 2.1 | 10% |
Calcium (mg) | 160 | 10% |
Iron (mg) | 2.1 | 10% |
Potassium (mg) | 490 | 10% |
Vitamin A (µg) | 155 | 17% |
Vitamin C (mg) | 31 | 34% |
Vitamin E (mg) | 2.6 | 17% |
Vitamin K (µg) | 13 | 11% |
Thiamine (mg) | 0.2 | 17% |
Riboflavin (mg) | 0.2 | 15% |
Niacin (mg) | 2.7 | 17% |
Vitamin B6 (mg) | 0.2 | 17% |
Folate (µg) | 40 | 10% |
Vitamin B12 (µg) | 0.4 | 17% |
Biotin (µg) | 7.6 | 25% |
Pantothenic Acid (mg) | 0.9 | 18% |
Phosphorus (mg) | 129 | 10% |
Iodine (µg) | 23 | 15% |
Magnesium (mg) | 62 | 15% |
Zinc (mg) | 1.6 | 15% |
Selenium (µg) | 8.3 | 15% |
Copper (mg) | 0.2 | 22% |
Manganese (mg) | 0.4 | 17% |
Chromium (µg) | 10 | 29% |
Molybdenum (µg) | 26 | 58% |
Chloride (mg) | 238 | 19% |
Choline (mg) | 57 | 10% |
Additional Information
Per bar (51g) | ||
Omega 3 (g) | 0.1 | |
Omega 6 (g) | 1.5 |
*The % Daily Value (DV) tells you how much a nutrient in a serving of food contributes to a daily diet; 2,000 calories a day is used for general nutrition advice.
Dark Chocolate Raspberry
Serving size: Consume one to five bars per day, as desired
Per bar (51g) | % Daily Value* | |
Energy (calories) | 180 | |
Fat (g) | 7 | 9% |
- of which saturates (g) | 3.0 | 15% |
Trans Fat (g) | 0 | |
- of which polyunsaturates (g) | 2.0 | |
- of which Monounsaturated (g) | 2.5 | |
Cholesterol (mg) | 0 | 0% |
Sodium (mg) | 37 | 2% |
Total Carbohydrate (g) | 11 | 4% |
Fiber (g) | 7 | 25% |
Total sugars (g) | 1 | |
Includes Added Sugars (g) | 0 | 0% |
Protein (g) | 14 | 26% |
*The % Daily Value (DV) tells you how much a nutrient in a serving of food contributes to a daily diet; 2,000 calories a day is used for general nutrition advice.
Vitamins & Minerals
Per bar (51g) | % Daily Value* | |
Vitamin D (µg) | 2.1 | 10% |
Calcium (mg) | 160 | 10% |
Iron (mg) | 2.1 | 10% |
Potassium (mg) | 490 | 10% |
Vitamin A (µg) | 155 | 17% |
Vitamin C (mg) | 31 | 34% |
Vitamin E (mg) | 2.6 | 17% |
Vitamin K (µg) | 13 | 11% |
Thiamine (mg) | 0.2 | 17% |
Riboflavin (mg) | 0.2 | 15% |
Niacin (mg) | 2.7 | 17% |
Vitamin B6 (mg) | 0.2 | 17% |
Folate (µg) | 40 | 10% |
Vitamin B12 (µg) | 0.4 | 17% |
Biotin (µg) | 7.6 | 25% |
Pantothenic Acid (mg) | 0.9 | 18% |
Phosphorus (mg) | 129 | 10% |
Iodine (µg) | 23 | 15% |
Magnesium (mg) | 62 | 15% |
Zinc (mg) | 1.6 | 15% |
Selenium (µg) | 8.3 | 15% |
Copper (mg) | 0.2 | 22% |
Manganese (mg) | 0.4 | 17% |
Chromium (µg) | 10 | 29% |
Molybdenum (µg) | 26 | 58% |
Chloride (mg) | 238 | 19% |
Choline (mg) | 57 | 10% |
Additional Information
Per bar (51g) | ||
Omega 3 (g) | 0.1 | |
Omega 6 (g) | 1.5 |
*The % Daily Value (DV) tells you how much a nutrient in a serving of food contributes to a daily diet; 2,000 calories a day is used for general nutrition advice.
Cautions and Allergen Advice
The Huel Complete Nutrition Bar is food; therefore, it is suitable for people with most conditions. However, as some conditions require dietary intervention, like with any food, please heed the notes below for the following conditions:
Allergens
The flavors contain wheat gluten, while the Peanut Caramel variant additionally includes peanuts. Soy is present in the Fudge Brownie and Dark Chocolate Raspberry flavors; consequently, other flavors may contain trace amounts of soy. The bars are manufactured at a facility that processes milk, egg, sesame, soy, nuts, peanuts, and mustard.
Diabetes mellitus
Huel Complete Nutrition Bar is suitable for type 1 and type 2 diabetics. As with all food, if you're using medication to help control your diabetes, you should structure your intake of Huel Complete Nutrition Bar appropriately.
Coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis
Huel Complete Nutrition Bar does contain wheat gluten, therefore we suggest caution. Also, Huel Complete Nutrition Bar is not suitable for individuals with very sensitive gluten intolerance.
Inborn errors of metabolism
If you have a glycogen storage disorder (GSD) or other inborn error of metabolism where you require dietary manipulation, you must consult your doctor or specialist clinician before consuming Huel Complete Nutrition Bar.
Inflammatory bowel disease
If you suffer from Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, or proctitis and are experiencing a flare-up, we advise caution when consuming Huel Complete Nutrition Bar.
Pregnancy & lactation
Most Huel products are fine to consume during pregnancy but should be limited to one serving per day as the nutritional requirements during this period are different.
Children
Huel Complete Nutrition Bar is unsuitable for children under 4 years of age. However, older children may include Huel Complete Nutrition Bar as part of a balanced diet that includes a variety of other foods, but Huel Complete Nutrition Bar should not be their sole source of nutrition as they have different nutritional requirements to adults; for more information see our Children, Adolescents, and Huel article.
Eating disorders
Huel Complete Nutrition Bar may be consumed by individuals with anorexia or bulimia nervosa. However, we recommend that individuals with eating disorders only use Huel Complete Nutrition Bar after discussing it with their doctor or relevant clinician.
Huel Complete Nutrition Bar is not suitable for those who suffer from phenylketonuria (PKU).
The Huel Complete Nutrition Bar is food; therefore, it is suitable for people with most conditions. However, as some conditions require dietary intervention, like with any food, please consult your doctor or specialist clinician before consuming.
Medication Interactions
Huel Complete Nutrition Bar is fine to consume if you’re using most medication. Although there are no obvious reasons why Huel Complete Nutrition Bar should be an issue, there may be specific drug-nutrient interactions relating to a particular medicine you’re using, so we recommend you read the drug information provided with your prescription, and if you have any further concerns, please discuss them with your doctor.
Allergen Advice
All Huel products are 100% vegan. We thoroughly assess our ingredients and the processes we use to make our products, and whenever we identify potential routes of allergen contamination, we will first take steps to eliminate the possibility of any contamination of our product.
However, where it is not possible to remove the risk, we will highlight any allergens that might be present on our product packaging (and ingredient lists) that are in line with current US food safety guidelines. However, we recognize that individuals can have allergies to any protein in any ingredient. Therefore, if you have a specific allergy that is outside of the remit above, please contact us directly, and we will do our best to guide you on which products are suitable.
References
Dietary reference values for food energy and nutrients for the United Kingdom. Report of the Panel on Dietary Reference Values of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy. Reports on health and social subjects. 1991; 41:1-210.
Food and Drink Europe. Guidance on the Provision of Food Information to Consumers Regulation (EU) No. 1169/2011. 2013. [Available from: https://www.fooddrinkeurope.eu/uploads/publications_documents/FDE_Guidance_WEB.pdf].
British Nutrition Foundation. Nutrition Requirements 2019. [Available from: https://www.nutrition.org.uk/attachments/article/907/Nutrition%20Requirements_Revised%20Oct%202017.pdf].
Cordain L, et al. Origins and evolution of the Western diet: health implications for the 21st century. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005; 81(2):341-54.
Weigle DS, et al. A high-protein diet induces sustained reductions in appetite, ad libitum caloric intake, and body weight despite compensatory changes in diurnal plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005; 82(1):41-8.
Gill SK, et al. Dietary fiber in gastrointestinal health and disease. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2021; 18(2):101-16.
Reynolds A, et al. Carbohydrate quality and human health: a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The Lancet. 2019; 393(10170):434-45.
Gibb RD, et al. Psyllium fiber improves glycemic control proportional to loss of glycemic control: a meta-analysis of data in euglycemic subjects, patients at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and patients being treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015; 102(6):1604-14.
Gallaher D. Dietary Fiber. Washington D.C.: ILSI Press; 2006.
Vitamin C: is supplementation necessary for optimal health? J Altern Complement Med. 2008; 14(10):1291-8.
Combs J, Gerald F. The Vitamins. 4 ed. Burlington: Elsevier Science; 2012.
Carr AC, et al. Toward a new recommended dietary allowance for vitamin C based on antioxidant and health effects in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999; 69(6):1086-107.
Linus Pauling Institute. Oregon State University. Vitamin C. Date Accessed: 13/10/21. [Available from: https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/vitamin-C].
Siegenberg D, et al. Ascorbic acid prevents the dose-dependent inhibitory effects of polyphenols and phytates on nonheme-iron absorption. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991; 53(2):537-41.
SACN. Vitamin D and Health. Crown Copyright; 2016.
Zeisel SH, et al. Choline: an essential nutrient for public health. Nutr Rev. 2009; 67(11):615-23.
Fischer LM, et al. Dietary choline requirements of women: effects of estrogen and genetic variation. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010; 92(5):1113-9.
Fischer LM, et al. Sex and menopausal status influence human dietary requirements for the nutrient choline. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007; 85(5):1275-85.
